• nrf2 keap1 Previously we have detected the expression of APJ

  2023-02-08

  

  Previously, we have detected the expression of APJ receptor on stomach projecting nrf2 keap1 in DMV, in addition, icv administration of apelin-13 induced a remarkable c-Fos activation in those cells which were previously marked by a retrograde neuronal tracer fast blue (Birsen et al., 2016). Moreov

• Therefore in the present study we first examined the ATRAP

  2023-02-08

  

  Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP AZ 628 receptor in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downregulati

• Because of the critical roles played by AMPK

  2023-02-08

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• Interestingly we noticed that LPS exposure

  2023-02-08

  

  Interestingly, we noticed that LPS exposure was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1, suggesting that AMPK inactivation and the subsequent mTOR activation might be involved in the development of LPS-induced inflammation. On the other side, treatm

• This development notwithstanding the chemotherapeutic treatm

  2023-02-08

  

  This development notwithstanding, the chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia has stagnated over the last 40 years [35]. Main treatment options necessitate aggressive chemotherapy to target leukemic cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Several limitations of current treatment options include the use of ant

• br Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain

  2023-02-07

  

  Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain a societal problem in the United States. The latest statistics from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health indicate that slightly less than one million people over the age of 12 report having a cocaine use disorder (NSDUH, 2016). Additio

• Unexpectedly under pathological pain conditions inhibition

  2023-02-07

  

  Unexpectedly, under pathological pain conditions, inhibition of spinal glutamate transporter activity can produce antinociceptive effects. For example, intrathecal injection of the transportable inhibitor trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic o6 (t-PDC) or antisense oligonucleotides reduced nociceptive

• Adiponectin also suppresses inflammatory stimuli induced NF

  2023-02-07

  

  Adiponectin also suppresses inflammatory stimuli-induced NF-kappaB activation, which may significantly contribute to the anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects of adiponectin (Ouchi et al., 2000). The downstream mediators of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, RPPAR and AMPK increase inflammatory responses by

• Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin

  2023-02-07

  

  Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin in the maintenance of hepatic lipid metabolism. Adiponectin overexpression prevents accumulation of triglycerides or the deleterious lipid metabolites diacylglycerols or ceramides [5,8]. Direct manipulation of adiponectin expression demonstrates a po

• br Conclusions Triptans are HT B

  2023-02-07

  

  Conclusions Triptans are 5-HT1B/1D/(1F) receptors agonists and are considered as the gold standard for acute migraine treatment that have been proven effective. Unfortunately, they are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular diseases due to their vasoconstrictor (side) effects (MaassenVan

• Actin is capable of polymerizing

  2023-02-07

  

  Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of 23 dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. The shape and the le

• br Antioxidative stress and anti inflammation Oxidative stre

  2023-02-07

  

  Antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation Oxidative stress is a major cause of reduced endothelial NO bioavailability in hypertension, and inflammatory response is thought to play an important role in these processes (Blake and Ridker, 2001, Landmesser et al., 2006). Reactive oxygen species (ROS

• Our co IP data show

  2023-02-07

  

  Our co-IP data show that 5HT1A or 5HT2A receptors do not heterodimerize with mGluR1α receptors. Given that both 5-HT and mGlu receptors are GPCRs and produce anxiolytic effects, a degree of cooperativity via a functional cross-talk may still exist between these receptors [11]. In addition to the fun

• br Introduction Stroke is a

  2023-02-07

  

  Introduction Stroke is a devastating condition that causes cognitive and motor dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases and even acute death, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide (Chen et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2016). Thus, exploration or identification of novel therapeuti

• The original Aurora kinase was identified during a

  2023-02-07

  

  The original Aurora kinase was identified during a phenotypic screen for defects in mitotic spindles in Drosophila mutants. Aurora mutants were so named because of the morphological defects at the mitotic spindle resembling the Aurora borealis, or the Northern light [4]. The structure of the Auroras

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