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tyrosine kinase receptor The role of the cyclic AMP regulate
2022-04-16
The role of the cyclic AMP regulated exchange factor Epac1 is emerging in cancer (Almahariq et al., 2015, Banerjee and Cheng, 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Schmidt et al., 2013). Interestingly, in cancer cell migration, activation of Epac1 can be linked to activation of Rac. As s
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br Rho protein networks in malignancy
2022-04-16
Rho protein networks in malignancy It has long been recognized that Rho activity and expression are frequently elevated in tumors (Fritz et al., 1999, Orgaz et al., 2014). In this chapter we will introduce the most prominent Rho proteins, their regulators and effectors and provide an overview of
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The NF B family of transcription factors
2022-04-16
The NF-κB family of transcription factors is involved in acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs as well as to apoptosis. NF-κB-mediated mdr1 gene upregulation is part of the anti-apoptotic protection mechanism of proximal tubule (PT) parp inhibitors against cadmium-induced oxidative stress a
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Like tBHQ and DEM treatment of
2022-04-16
Like tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1+/+ MEFs with SFN increased the abundance of Hmox1 and Nqo1 mRNA, and this was blunted by LY294002 and MK-2206 (Figure 2C). However, unlike the situation with tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1−/− MEFs with SFN did not increase further the elevated basal levels of
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Also in this work we investigated
2022-04-16
Also in this work, we investigated the correlated signaling pathways of GSK-3 inhibition in protecting bupivacaine-induced DRG neurotoxicity. Through western blot assay, we demonstrated that, SB216763 suppressed protein productions of p-GSK-3 α/β and Casp-3, but increased protein production of PKC,
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fccp In conclusion this is the first description
2022-04-16
In conclusion, this is the first description of a GPR81 agonist with an ability to exert in vivo efficacy without causing flushing. These results demonstrate that GPR81 small-molecule agonists may be effective for treating dyslipidemia. In addition, targeting GPR81 could prevent the unwanted side ef
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br RNA preparation cDNA synthesis
2022-04-16
RNA preparation, cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used to extract total RNA from tissues according to the manufacturer’s protocol and isolated RNA quantity was determined by UV spectrophotometry (Nanodrop, Thermo Scientific, USA) and RNA integrity was v
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br Introduction Verticillium dahliae Kleb is a soil borne fu
2022-04-16
Introduction Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that is able to infect hundreds of plant species, and causes vascular wilt disease [1], [2]. In nature, the infection of V. dahliae initiates from the germination of resting structures called microsclerotia [3]. The germina
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Through a large scale phylogenetic analysis of UDG superfami
2022-04-16
Through a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of UDG superfamily in more than 1000 completely sequenced genomes, it is shown that family 3 Abiraterone can be separated into two clades with the traditional family 3 SMUG1 as one of them (Fig. 1) [31]. UDG enzymes in another clade are present in eubacte
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br Materials and Methods br Results br
2022-04-15
Materials and Methods Results Discussion A model of seizure and excitotoxicity induced by neonatal MSG administration was described recently (19) in which extracellular glutamate increased after the first and second MSG administrations were observed, the greatest increase seen following the
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br A myriad of receptors in WM To complicate the
2022-04-15
A myriad of receptors in WM To complicate the picture, WM glia express numerous non-glutamatergic neurotransmitter receptors, a fact that is often underappreciated when considering pathophysiology. When examined in isolated optic nerve, a central WM tract completely devoid of neuronal synapses, r
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Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant
2022-04-15
Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatment are capable of upregulating GR protein and mRNA in key AZ20 regions including the hippocampus and decreasing basal and/or stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion [37]. Changes in the level or function of GR regulate the negative feedbac
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ETV plays an important role in
2022-04-15
ETV5 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. For example, chromosomal rearrangement of ETV5 which results in increased ETV5 level is believed as a common event driving human prostate cancer (Helgeson et al., 2008; Huang and Waknitz, 2009). Ghrelin/acyl-ghrelin also plays an importan
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Despite a robust impact on learned social feeding behaviors
2022-04-15
Despite a robust impact on learned, social feeding behaviors, we observed no differences in body weight or food intake when the control or vHP GHSR-1A KD animals were maintained on either a normal chow diet or a Western diet high in fat and sugar. This is interesting in light of our previous work sh
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nelfinavir The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR a and dlGALR b re
2022-04-15
The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR1a and dlGALR1b receptors found in the gonads of adult fish led us to hypothesize that the gene expression difference between female and males might be attributed to the differences in steroid production between female and male gonads. Interestingly we have found that
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