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In plants NO production is one
2022-03-08
In plants, NO production is one of the early responses to stress (Tossi, Lamattina, & Cassia, 2009). Usually, NO signal transduction requires the involvement of downstream signaling compounds. We further investigated the effects of cGMP on GSK-3 expression. The data showed that LY83583 (a cGMP inhib
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Importantly lactate and H exert some of their biological
2022-03-08
Importantly, lactate and H+ exert some of their biological effects independently of each other, though sometimes through redundant pathways leading to a same biological effect, as for angiogenesis. In other cases, they can have antagonist effects: lactate was shown to stimulate extracellular matrix
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The ER is responsible for calcium storage
2022-03-08
The ER is responsible for calcium storage, lipid and protein biosynthesis, and the folding, assembly, and maturation of proteins [23], and ER stress is one of the main causes in T2DM, which leads to β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction [[5], [6], [7]]. In this study, TG was used as an ER stress inducer.
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We also noticed that acetic acid by itself used
2022-03-08
We also noticed that acetic acid by itself (used to induce pain) increased spinal cord levels of KYNA (see Fig. 5). The most rational explanation of this finding is based on the possibility that acetic acid and KYNA share the same transport systems and the finding is therefore not surprising. Altho
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Compound was synthesized starting from cyclopropyl glycine
2022-03-08
Compound was synthesized starting from α-cyclopropyl glycine (). After protection of the free amine via methyl carbamate and esterification to the methyl ester, the pyrrolidine core was furnished by condensation with methyl acrylate under basic conditions. Double deprotonation of the pyrrolidine fol
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br Conclusions br Acknowledgements The authors thank Matt JM
2022-03-08
Conclusions Acknowledgements The authors thank Matt JM Wood and colleagues (AstraZeneca, UK) for permission to use logD and protein binding data presented in Sup. Table S2. Introduction The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has escalated worldwide as a consequ
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Previously we have shown that the natural flavonoid
2022-03-08
Previously, we have shown that the natural flavonoid compounds that possess C-4 ketone group and C-5 hydroxy group, such as baicalein, luteolin, myricetin and quercetin, effectively inhibit human GLO I. Considering our interest in inhibitors of GLO I and based on the rationale mentioned above, struc
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Previous reports have showed that
2022-03-08
Previous reports have showed that the expression and localization of GLUT8 in mouse (Gómez et al., 2006; Kim and Moley, 2007), rat (Ibberson et al., 2002) and human (Schürmann et al., 2002). In this study, GLUT8 protein mainly localized in the spermatocytes, elongated and round spermatids in the adu
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Recently multiple receptor agonists have been developed to t
2022-03-08
Recently, multiple receptor agonists have been developed to treat type II diabetes (Finan et al., 2013, Finan et al., 2015). We have tested novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists that showed good neuroprotective effects that are superior to single GLP-1 analogues (Cao et al., 2016, Jalewa et al., 20
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In stark contrast to this study Zhang and colleagues demonst
2022-03-07
In stark contrast to this study, Zhang and colleagues demonstrated that FFA4, along with FFA1, play roles in suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in CRC RHC 80267 treated with omega-3 PUFA [53]. In this study design, in vivo CRC was induced in mice upon treatment with the genotox
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PX 866 Although drug monitoring is not usually requested
2022-03-07
Although drug monitoring is not usually requested, there are some cases where measurement of DOACs in PX 866 is useful, and of special help for managing patients at risk. These cases include the control of adherence to a therapeutic protocol, surveillance of drug accumulation risk in long term trea
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Previous studies have shown that inhibition
2022-03-07
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ Levonorgestrel has a reduced effect on GABAergic boutons compared with other neurotransmitter phenotypes,46, 47 and voltage-gated Na+ channel subtypes are differentially expressed in hippocampus. In addition, SV exocytosis evoked by e
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TNP-470 PKC potentiates insulin release in beta cells howeve
2022-03-07
PKC potentiates insulin release in beta cells; however, it is currently not clear how this is mechanistically accomplished in living TNP-470 [15]. First, we discuss PKC structure, regulation, and activation in beta cells. Then, we address two fundamental questions: (1) what is the specific effect of
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Pyridoxine HCl The conjugated gold is an essential part of
2022-03-07
The conjugated gold is an essential part of rapid test kits. For this PIs-IC strip the gold nanoparticles were conjugated with an optimal concentration of antibody to produce a stable nanoparticle solution (Fig. 3). From TEM images it became obvious that the colloid gold contained particles of diffe
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flt3 individuals with variants in the
2022-03-07
13 individuals with variants in the codon 1031–1159 region had global developmental delay and apparent ID, ranging from speech delay and learning difficulties to markedly impaired basic life functions (Table 2 and Table S3). The last available occipitofrontal-circumference measurements revealed micr
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