• Axons are the largest component of WM by volume and

  2021-10-21

  

  Axons are the largest component of WM by volume and are a significant repository of intracellular glutamate that can be releases under ischemic conditions [1,3,4,29,117]. We have recently shown that the principle route by which mature myelinated NSC23766 australia release glutamate during acute isc

• In the small intestine digestion and absorption of the

  2021-10-21

  

  In the small intestine, digestion and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glu

• Studies of human and mouse GPR as ascertained by mRNA

  2021-10-21

  

  Studies of human and mouse GPR84, as ascertained by mRNA levels in various tissues, have determined that GPR84 is highly expressed on bone marrow cells, splenic T and B cells, and circulating granulocytes/monocytes/macrophages. In the latter cells, mRNA expression of is up-regulated only under infl

• Although HK localizes mainly to

  2021-10-21

  

  Although HK localizes mainly to either the cytosol or mitochondria [29], [30], [31] and cardioprotection is associated with increased mitochondrial HK binding, some studies have identified a component of HK located in intracellular vesicles within the cardiomyocyte [48], [61], supporting older data

• br Financial support This study

  2021-10-21

  

  Financial support This study was supported by Grant PH-102-PP-11, PH-103-PP-11 from the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. Conflict of interest Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction

• Protein structures determined in high

  2021-10-21

  

  Protein structures determined in high resolution by X-ray crystallography and NMR techniques provide wealth of structural information on intra-domain and inter-domain protein interactions of small sized proteins. In addition, cryo-EM often provides low resolution structures of multi-component protei

• Glutathione in reduced form GSH

  2021-10-20

  

  Glutathione in reduced form (GSH, the tripeptide, γ-glutamyl cysteinyl glycine) is a non-enzymatic low-molecular-weight antioxidant necessary for the maintenance of a cellular redox state (Noctor et al., 2012). At the stage of the transition from germination to seedling growth the process of cell di

• Currently ursodeoxycholic acid UDCA is

  2021-10-20

  

  Currently, ursodeoxycholic prostaglandin e synthesis (UDCA) is the only recommended and widely used drug in the treatment of CFLD. However, the clinical efficacy of UDCA is controversial. The most recent Cochrane review only identified a small number of trials assessing the effectiveness of UDCA [9

• Gp induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases

  2021-10-20

  

  Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity

• br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br Introduction C

  2021-10-20

  

  AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,

• Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to

  2021-10-20

  

  Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to receptor dimerization, resulting in the transphosphorylation of a tyrosine in the activation loop of the kinase domain. Subsequently, the activated FGFRs phosphorylate their intracellular receptor substrates, particularly FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2) and phospholipase Cγ

• Genetic contributions to this dysregulation of expression ha

  2021-10-20

  

  Genetic contributions to this dysregulation of expression have been studied, and significant associations have been found. The Fas −670 polymorphism is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, as well as intrauterine growth restriction [7], [16]. The Fas SNP (−670 A>G) i

• br Main Text Post translational modifications

  2021-10-20

  

  Main Text Post-translational modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, of core histones directly alter DNA-histone and histone-histone interactions and thus influence nucleosome dynamics. Tight regulation of these marks is required by cells for proper

• Fig summarizes the results for M concentration of the

  2021-10-20

  

  Fig. 1 summarizes the results for 500 μM concentration of the drugs. Action of histamine is presented for comparison. Both 1-methylhistamine and Nα-methylhistamine strongly potentiated ASIC1a responses. The concentration-dependence of action of Nα-methylhistamine was measured (Fig. 1B). Fitting by H

• The neurotransmitter histamine plays a key role in the

  2021-10-20

  

  The neurotransmitter histamine plays a key role in the sleep-wake cycle and in learning and memory. Alterations in future husband histamine levels are closely connected with central nervous system dysfunction, and are thought to contribute to neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease an

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