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Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were
2025-01-21

Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major CCG 203971 α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inhibit
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br Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded
2025-01-21

Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b
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The authors thank Dr J
2025-01-21

The authors thank Dr. J. Aoki, University of Tokyo, for kindly providing 5E5-ATX antibody. This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to A.E.K. (KR4391/1-1), research grants “Primary sclerosing cholangitis” from the Deutsche Crohn-Colitis-Vereinigung and the Norwegi
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br Results br Discussion Autophagy
2025-01-21

Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic
2025-01-21

Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic 2'-O-Methyl modification in RNA stability phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid r
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During the course of angiogenesis the overactivated angiogen
2025-01-20

During the course of angiogenesis, the overactivated angiogenic stimulators are responsible for carrying out abnormal proliferation in the retinal microvasculature, resulting in the formation of various immature blood vessels. These newly formed blood vessels become the prime spots for leakage of th
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The excellent safety profile of solanezumab
2025-01-20

The excellent safety profile of solanezumab and encouraging trends in the exploratory analyses in mild AD led to its inclusion in two secondary prevention trials, which are continuing in the hope that earlier intervention may yield more substantial benefit. The A4 study (NCT02008357) started in Febr
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A candidate protein for the regulation of AMPAR transport is
2025-01-20

A candidate protein for the regulation of AMPAR transport is CaMKII, a Ca2+-dependent kinase with diverse cellular functions. With respect to synaptic transmission, CaMKII is recognized as a key synaptic protein that is required to modify the number of synaptic AMPARs in response to LTP and LTD stim
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dihydromyricetin supplement Introduction Increasing environm
2025-01-20

Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, originating mainly from industrial processes and urban activities, as well as the widespread application of pesticides, fertilizers, manure and sewage sludge, has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a po
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The proposed formulation is however challenging to solve sin
2025-01-20

The proposed formulation is, however, challenging to solve since the structured sparsity-inducing norms are non-smooth. In order to solve the new objective function, we consider two different approaches: proximal averaging, which takes the average the solutions from the proximal operator for the ind
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Previous studies to investigate the functions of AHR in
2025-01-20

Previous studies to investigate the functions of AHR in Treg sodium butyrate have employed a loss-of-function approach, using AHR complete-null mice, or a gain-of-function approach by ligand administration. However, these approaches may confound the interpretation of the results. For example, the b
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AdipoRon is an orally active synthetic small molecule that
2025-01-20

AdipoRon is an orally active, synthetic small molecule that activates adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). It mimics the antidiabetic effects of adiponectin, exhibiting its effect through the activation of AMPK and PPARα pathways via AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively (Fig. 2) [62]. AdipoR activation has r
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ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosin
2025-01-20

ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine into their respective inosine nucleoside (Cristalli et al., 2001). This conversion is an initial step in a series of reactions responsible for lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, ADA is considered an indicator of cellu
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br Introduction Fungi are an inexhaustible source of
2025-01-18

Introduction Fungi are an inexhaustible source of natural products mainly due to their wide distribution in the nature, estimated to range from 1.5 to 5.1 million species in the world [1]. Secondary metabolites from fungi represent a substantial fraction of drugs and drug models in pharmaceutical
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Introduction br This paper is a commentary
2025-01-18

Introduction This paper is a commentary on the history of language among the Aché. What was language for the Aché prior to contact with Paraguayan society? How has the Aché language come to be endangered? Why is language such an important issue today? In exploring these questions I come to a slig
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