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br Antifungal resistance what is in
2025-01-31
Antifungal resistance, what is in a name? Antifungal resistance is an emerging and hot topic in the field of medical mycology. Microbiological resistance is identified by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in vitro for a given antifungal and interpreting this value according to
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br Future view and implications
2025-01-31
Future view and implications The selection and spread of multi(drug)-resistant microorganisms over the last decades has become a major and global public health concern [35]. Two growing threats originating from the fungal kingdom, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris[36], [37], re-emphasi
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dpn Tetracyclines constitute one of the most important
2025-01-31
Tetracyclines constitute one of the most important antibiotic groups used as veterinary and human medicine and as feed additives in the agricultural sector (Li et al., 2011a, Simon, 2005). Annual worldwide production of tetracyclines is estimated to be in the thousands of tons (Michalova et al., 200
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It has been well established that shortly
2025-01-31
It has been well established that shortly after systemic inflammation, NADPH oxidase and iNOS activity were increased in the carboxypeptidase and lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO [66]. Moreover, previous studies indicated that Ang II induced an increased level of NADPH
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On the contrary Birrel and colleagues observed
2025-01-31
On the contrary, Birrel and colleagues observed divergent proliferative responses to androgens in different BC cell lines: DHT and mibolerone were found to inhibit the T47-D and ZR-75-1 Exendin-3 derivative growth, while the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was increased by both the androgens [53]. It i
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br Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors of
2025-01-31
Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficiency of particular enzymes due to loss of function mutations or deletions have been treated by decreasing the intake of the enzymatic substrate, supplementation with an essential cofactor or vitamin, increasing m
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However cancer and fibrotic diseases are
2025-01-27
However, cancer and fibrotic diseases are the most extensively studied disease states. ATX is connected to various cancers because it can stimulate chemokinesis and chemotaxis in melanoma cells. Upregulated ATX Curcumol has been reported in breast cancer,, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, non-small-
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Bioavailability has been defined as the
2025-01-27
Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a drug given by any route, other than intravenously, that reaches general circulation and is available at the site of action [86]. The low bioavailability observed with the initial intravaginal devices (16%) was attributed to the melting point of the
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The levels of Mcl and FLIP are homeostatically
2025-01-27
The levels of Mcl-1 and FLIP are homeostatically controlled by transcriptional and posttranslational processes. Accumulating evidence suggested that intracellular signaling molecules such as Akt are crucial to the transcription of Mcl-1 and FLIP [30], [31]. The constitutive activation of Akt is dete
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In a missense mutation at codon of the PRNP
2025-01-27
In 1989, a missense mutation at codon 102 of the PRNP gene was first reported to be associated with GSS and, in 1991, the same mutation was also found in affected members of the “H” family (Hsiao et al., 1989; Kretzschmar et al., 1991). By 1995, the pedigree of the “H” family included 221 family mem
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Kidney contributes importantly to the long term blood pressu
2025-01-27
Kidney contributes importantly to the long-term blood pressure control via regulating sodium homeostasis. Renal proximal tubule (RPT) is one of the most critical segments for sodium reabsorption within kidney and therefore involved in blood pressure adjustment. This process is regulated by numerous
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Despite extensive studies on the expression of T pallidum
2025-01-26
Despite extensive studies on the expression of T. pallidum-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, very little is known about T. pallidum-mediated intracellular signaling pathway activation, that leads to cytokine expression in macrophages. A network of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigen
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An important observation in our study is
2025-01-26
An important observation in our study is the lack of effect of paroxetine pretreatment alone on β2AR membrane expression, which suggests that paroxetine, and pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 in general, does not directly induce changes in receptor dynamics. Rather, the decreased ligand-induced β-arr
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c-myc inhibitor br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest br Aut
2025-01-26
Conclusion Conflict of Interest Author Contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by a research grant (SR/50/AS-14/2012) from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India to CMC and CSIR Senior Research Fellowship (09/013(0339)/2010-EMR-I) to SB. Introduction
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The AR signalling pathways play important roles in
2025-01-26
The AR signalling pathways play important roles in several physiopathological processes associated with ischaemia, inflammation, and tumourigenesis [35]. Moreover, A3AR is overexpressed in different tumour Ifenprodil Tartrate and seems implicated in pro- or anti-apoptotic effects [36]. In particula
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